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Sinsinawa Mound raid
The Sinsinawa Mound raid occurred on June 29, 1832, near the Sinsinawa mining settlement in Michigan Territory (present-day Grant County, Wisconsin in the United States). This incident, part of the Black Hawk War, resulted in the deaths of two men; a third man survived by seeking cover in a nearby blockhouse. In the aftermath of the raid, Captain James W. Stephenson set out to pursue the attackers—a straggling band of Sauk Native Americans—but lost their trail at the Mississippi River. The attack occurred in the same week as other skirmishes and raids, and as a result helped contribute to the growing fear in the region. The raid caused the residents of nearby Platteville to consider fleeing their settlement.
==Background==
As a consequence of an 1804 treaty between the governor of Indiana Territory and a group of Sauk and Fox leaders regarding land settlement, the tribes vacated their lands in Illinois and moved west of the Mississippi in 1828. However, Sauk Chief Black Hawk and others disputed the treaty, claiming that the full tribal councils had not been consulted, nor did those representing the tribes have authorization to cede lands.〔 Angered by the loss of his birthplace, between 1830–31 Black Hawk led a number of incursions across the Mississippi River into Illinois, but was persuaded each time to return west without bloodshed. In April 1832, encouraged by promises of alliance with other tribes and the British, he again moved his so-called "British Band" of around 1,000 warriors and non-combatants into Illinois.〔Lewis, James. "(The Black Hawk War of 1832 )," Abraham Lincoln Digitization Project, ''Northern Illinois University''. Retrieved August 1, 2007.〕 Finding no allies, he attempted to return across the Mississippi (to present-day Iowa), but the undisciplined Illinois Militia's actions led to the Battle of Stillman's Run.〔"(May 14: Black Hawk's Victory at the Battle of Stillman's Run )," Historic Diaries: The Black Hawk War, ''Wisconsin State Historical Society''. Retrieved August 6, 2007.〕 A number of other engagements followed, and the militia of Michigan Territory and the state of Illinois were mobilized to hunt down Black Hawk's band. The conflict became known as the Black Hawk War.
The period between Stillman's Run and the raid at Sinsinawa Mound was filled with war-related activity. A series of attacks at Buffalo Grove, the Plum River settlement, Fort Blue Mounds and the war's most famous incident, the Indian Creek massacre, all took place between mid-May and late June 1832.〔"(May 21, Indian Creek, Ill.: Abduction of the Hall Sisters )," Historic Diaries: The Black Hawk War, ''Wisconsin State Historical Society''. Retrieved September 21, 2007.〕 The week before the Battle of Apple River Fort (on June 24) was an important turning point for the settlers: between June 16 and 18 two key battles, one at Waddams Grove and the other at Horseshoe Bend, played a role in changing public perception about the militia after its defeat at Stillman's Run.〔"(James Stephenson Describes the Battle at Yellow Creek ), Historic Diaries: The Black Hawk War, ''Wisconsin Historical Society''. Retrieved September 21, 2007.〕〔"(June 16: Henry Dodge Describes The Battle of the Pecatonica )," Historic Diaries: The Black Hawk War, ''Wisconsin State Historical Society''. Retrieved September 21, 2007.〕〔"(June 16: Peter Parkinson Recalls the Battle of the Pecatonica )," Historic Diaries: The Black Hawk War, ''Wisconsin State Historical Society''. Retrieved September 21, 2007.〕 The Battle of Apple River Fort occurred five days before the Sinsinawa Mound raid; the fight was a 45 minute gun battle between defenders garrisoned inside Apple River Fort and Sauk and Fox warriors led by Chief Black Hawk himself.〔Harmet, A. Richard. "(Apple River Fort Site ), (PDF), National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form, March 31, 1997, HAARGIS Database, ''Illinois Historic Preservation Agency''. Retrieved September 27, 2007.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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